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Björk Guðmundsdóttir (born November 21, 1965, Reykjavík, Iceland) is a singer and songwriter.
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Punk music began to have an influence on Björk; at the age of fourteen, she formed the all-girl punk band Spit and Snot, shortly followed by a jazz fusion group called Exodus in 1979. In 1980, she graduated from music school at the age of fifteen, and in 1981, she and Exodus bassist Jakob Magnússon formed another band, Tappi Tíkarrass, and released an extended single, Bitið fast í vitid in the same year. Their album Miranda was released in 1983.
Björk next collaborated with Einar Örn Benediktsson and Einar Melax[?] from Purrkurr Pillnikk[?], and Guðlaugur Óttarsson[?], Sigtryggur Baldursson[?] and Birgir Morgensen[?] from Þeyr. After writing songs and rehearsing for two weeks they performed under the name KUKL[?] (which means 'witchcraft' in Icelandic). The group found that they worked well together, and decided to continue, developing a sound that some have described as resembling Goth music. Björk began to show indications of what would become her trademark singing style, punctuated with howls and shrieks.
They performed with Crass while touring Iceland, and later visited the UK in a series of performances with Flux of Pink Indians[?]. KUKL produced two albums: The Eye in 1984, and Holidays in Europe in 1986, both on Crass Records. In the summer of 1986, several members of KUKL went on to form the Sugarcubes.
Tensions steadily mounted between Björk and Einar Örn, however, and by 1992 the Sugarcubes disbanded. Björk moved to London and began thinking about a solo career; to this end, she began working with producer Nellee Hooper[?], who had produced for Massive Attack, among others. Their partnership produced Björk's first international solo hit, "Human Behaviour." Her third debut album, simply entitled Debut, was released in June of 1993, to positive reviews; it was named album of the year by New Musical Express, and eventually went gold in the United States.
Björk returned to the studio during 1994 to work on her next solo album with Nellee Hooper, Tricky, Graham Massey[?] and Howie B[?]. She wrote the title track for Madonna's album Bedtime Stories[?], and performed on MTV Unplugged during this time. By 1995, the new album Post[?] was ready; it was released in June, reaching number two on the UK's pop charts, and also went gold in the United States.
January of 1997 saw the release of Telegram[?], an album of uncharacteristic remixes of songs from Post. Later that year, the minimalist electronic album Homogenic[?] was released. Björk worked with producer Mark Bell[?] on the album; numerous remixes followed.
More to be written
wikipedia.org dumped 2003-03-17 with terodump