statistics
(noun)
a mathematical science concerned with data collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation
(noun)
The study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.
Examples of statistics in the following topics:
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References
- ., & the Task Force on Statistical Inference, APA Board of Scientific Affairs. (1999).
- Statistical methods in psychology journals: Guidelines and explanations.
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Descriptive or Inferential Statistics?
- Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are both important components of statistics when learning about a population.
- This generally means that descriptive statistics, unlike inferential statistics, are not developed on the basis of probability theory.
- Even when a data analysis draws its main conclusions using inferential statistics, descriptive statistics are generally also presented.
- The conclusion of a statistical inference is a statistical proposition.
- Some common forms of statistical proposition are:
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Summary of Formulas
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Counting
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Statistical Literacy
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References
- F. (1960) Directional statistical decisions.
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Introduction
- You are probably asking yourself the question, "When and where will I use statistics?".
- If you read any newspaper or watch television, or use the Internet, you will see statistical information.
- There are statistics about crime, sports, education, politics, and real estate.
- Included in this chapter are the basic ideas and words of probability and statistics.
- You will soon understand that statistics and probability work together.
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Applications of Statistics
- Statistics also provides tools for prediction and forecasting.
- This is called descriptive statistics .
- Statistical models can also be used to draw statistical inferences about the process or population under study—a practice called inferential statistics.
- Probability is used in "mathematical statistics" (alternatively, "statistical theory") to study the sampling distributions of sample statistics and, more generally, the properties of statistical procedures.
- In descriptive statistics, summary statistics are used to summarize a set of observations, in order to communicate the largest amount as simply as possible.
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Statistical Graphics
- Statistical graphics allow results to be displayed in some sort of pictorial form and include scatter plots, histograms, and box plots.
- Statistical graphics are used to visualize quantitative data.
- Statistical graphics have been central to the development of science and date to the earliest attempts to analyse data.
- Many familiar forms, including bivariate plots, statistical maps, bar charts, and coordinate paper were used in the 18th century.
- Statistical graphics developed through attention to four problems:
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References
- An analysis of transformations, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 26, 211-252.
- Applied Linear Statistical Models, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Homewood, IL.